High blood pressure | Harms due to high blood pressure

HYPERTENTION (High blood pressure)

To send blood to each part of the body, the heart must contract and expand at a constant pressure. Blood pressure is the pressure of blood on the artery walls as it is pumped out of the heart. When measuring blood pressure, there are two levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which is the pressure that blood vessels receive when the heart contracts to release blood, and the pressure that blood vessels receive when the heart expands to receive blood. is. High blood pressure is when systolic blood pressure rises above 140mmHg and diastolic blood pressure rises above 90mmHg.

 ■ What causes high blood pressure?

About 90% of high blood pressure is unknown. This is called essential hypertension. The remaining 10% raise blood pressure due to kidney problems, abnormal blood vessels, diabetes, and rarely adrenal tumors. In this case, finding and treating the underlying disease can resolve the hypertension, which is called secondary hypertension.

High blood pressure is a genetic predisposition. If both parents have high blood pressure, 90% of the children have high blood pressure, and if one of the parents has high blood pressure, 40-50% of the children have high blood pressure. As age increases, hypertension develops more predominantly, more often in men than in women, and also in women after menopause. In people with high salt intake and obese people, high blood pressure easily develops, smoking and excessive drinking increase blood pressure. Stress, lack of exercise, aggressive and nervous personality can also cause blood pressure to rise.

■ What is the diagnosis of hypertension?

Measurement of blood pressure

Blood pressure fluctuates from time to time, so you need to measure your blood pressure at least twice to diagnose high blood pressure. You should not smoke or drink coffee 30 minutes before your blood pressure is measured, stay calm for at least 5 minutes, and do not speak when you stop blood pressure. Sit in a chair with your back and keep your arms at heart level to measure your blood pressure.

Diagnostic Criteria for Hypertension

For adults 18 years and older, the optimal blood pressure is defined as less than 120/80 mmHg, normal blood pressure is less than 130/85 mmHg, and high normal blood pressure is defined as 130-139 / 85-89 mmHg. If the systolic blood pressure is 140 ~ 159mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure is 90 ~ 99mmHg, it is called 1st stage (mild) hypertension, and if the systolic blood pressure 160 ~ 179mmHg and 100 ~ 109mmHg, the 2nd stage (medium) hypertension. Stage 3 (Severe) Hypertension is the most severe hypertension, with systolic blood pressure 180mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 110mmHg or more.

Other necessary inspection

In addition to measuring blood pressure, you will need to undergo a variety of tests to determine the risk factors, complications, comorbidities, and damage to your heart, kidneys, brain, and eyes.
Blood tests look for cholesterol, triglycerides, blood sugar, liver function, kidney function, etc., and urine tests for proteinuria, hematuria, and urine sugar. Chest X-rays, electrocardiograms, and eye exams are performed, and echocardiography and carotid arteries are also done if necessary. When doctors or nurses measure blood pressure in hospitals, blood pressure may be measured higher than it actually is. This is called “white hypertension.” In this case, you can measure blood pressure at home or attach a simple blood pressure monitor to your body. You can also take an examination to see.

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■ What are the symptoms of high blood pressure?

Hypertension is nicknamed the "silent killer" because there are few symptoms unless there are complications. Some people may complain of pulling back or dizziness, but since symptoms vary greatly from person to person, some people have no symptoms even if their blood pressure is high. However, headaches in people with high blood pressure are often tension headaches that are not related to high blood pressure. If you have headaches because of high blood pressure, it is likely that you have high blood pressure, so-called "malignant hypertension". Dizziness often occurs when people with high blood pressure take too much blood pressure while taking medicine.

The most serious complication of hypertension is cerebral hemorrhage, a condition in which a cerebral artery ruptures and damages the brain tissue. Some people lose their consciousness and fall and die of breathing paralysis within a few days.
Hypertension is the most common cause of heart failure, which causes dyspnea. With high blood pressure, your heart muscles thicken and can't contract properly, making breathing difficult. Sometimes you may have to sit out of breath at night. People with high blood pressure appear more easily and more severely because the heart grows and needs more oxygen.

If you have high blood pressure, your kidneys will fail, causing anemia or swelling of your face and limbs. In addition, the eye's retina may detach, or the blood vessels in the eye may burst, causing loss of vision.

■ Looking for the treatment of Hypertension?

If left untreated without high blood pressure, atherosclerosis progresses quickly, and complications such as vascular narrowing and rupture occur early. Therefore, hypertension should be treated aggressively as soon as it is found, preventing the development of complications and improving the quality of life. The treatment of hypertension is largely divided into non-drug therapy and drug therapy. Non-drug therapy, also known as lifestyle therapy, must be continued for a lifetime in combination with drug therapy.

Life therapy

1. Meal

Reduce your consumption of salty foods, sugars and meats, and instead eat plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits. It is better not to drink too much and not drink too much coffee.

2. Regular exercise

Exercise can help relieve stress, help you lose weight, and lower your cholesterol.

3. Relieve stress

You should try to avoid stress as much as possible in your daily life and always be mentally stable. Always get plenty of rest and sleep.

4. No smoking

You must quit smoking.

Drug therapy

If lifestyle control is not enough to control your blood pressure, you should lower your blood pressure with medication. 

                             There are many medications for hypertension, including diuretics, sympathetic blockers, calcium antagonists, vasodilators, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, but depending on the patient's condition, they should be taken as directed.

Normal value of Blood Pressure

Your blood pressure should stay below 140/90 mmHg and ask your doctor for the name, dose, and side effects of the medication you are taking.